Ingredient · antioxidant

Vitamin C

INCI: L-Ascorbic Acid

Strong evidence
01

The science

How it works.

Donates electrons to neutralize free radicals; inhibits tyrosinase to reduce melanin synthesis; cofactor in collagen synthesis.

02

Benefits

  • Brightens hyperpigmentation
  • Antioxidant photoprotection
  • Boosts collagen
03

Caveats

  • Oxidizes rapidly in heat and light (turns yellow → brown)
  • Can irritate at high concentrations