Ingredient · active

Vitamin A

INCI: Retinol

Strong evidence
01

The science

How it works.

Converts to retinoic acid in skin; binds nuclear receptors to upregulate cell turnover, collagen production, and melanin regulation.

02

Benefits

  • Cell turnover
  • Reduces fine lines
  • Fades hyperpigmentation over months
03

Caveats

  • Initial irritation, peeling, redness (purge phase)
  • Photosensitivity